Practical Windows Code and Driver Signing. Lost Treasures Of El Dorado on this page. If you have ever installed some software or drivers in Windows, you have probably seen a dialog telling you the name of the company or person that published that software.This means that the publisher has cryptographically signed their work.Signing your software is important by showing a nicer dialog to the end user, it gives end users more confidence that they are not installing malware.In the case of device drivers, signing is even required by certain versions of Windows in certain situations.If you are a developer figuring out how to sign drivers or software, the aim of this guide is to tell you everything you need to know so that you can do it correctly.My name is David Grayson and I work at Pololu Robotics Electronics.Julien.Cervelle/eclipse/snapshots/ctrlSpace/sys.png' alt='Usbser Sys Windows Xp Embedded Sp1 Tools' title='Usbser Sys Windows Xp Embedded Sp1 Tools' />In 2.I went through the process of signing all of our companys USB drivers and most of our installers for Windows.I encountered so many problems along the way that could have been easily avoided if someone had told me about them ahead of time.If you are going through the same process, I sincerely hope that this document can clear up all of your confusion and save you a lot of time.I learned the hard way and now you can learn the easy way.A lot of this information can be verified in official Microsoft documentation found on MSDN, and I will try to cite the official documentation when needed.UpdateStar is compatible with Windows platforms.UpdateStar has been tested to meet all of the technical requirements to be compatible with Windows 10, 8.Windows 8. MDGx AXCEL216 MAX Speed Performance Windows 10 2012 8.Vista 2003 XP SP1 SP2 SP3 ME 2000 98 SE OSR2 OSR1 95 NT4 NT 3.DOS 6 Tricks Secrets Tips.Practical Windows Code and Driver Signing.Code and driver signing for Microsoft Windows 10, 8.Vista, and XP. STMicroelectronics STM32 STM32F103C8T6 Windows XP.The authoritative documents on kernel mode code signing are kmsigning.KMCSwalkthrough. These are pretty good resources, but they are from 2.Windows 7 and up, SHA 2, or the Windows Hardware Developer Center Dashboard portal.Also, their scope is more limited than the scope of this document because they dont talk about signing executables.Usbser Sys Windows Xp Embedded Sp1' title='Usbser Sys Windows Xp Embedded Sp1' />Microsoft also announces changes to its codedriver signing requirements via MSDN blog posts see the references section but they do not have any updated documentation that gives you the full picture.Therefore, a lot of the things I say here are actually conclusions that I have drawn from my own experiments.When I am telling you something that I determined experimentally, I will use phrases like it seems like or in my experience.When my experiments contradict the official documentation I will say so.Usbser Sys Windows Xp Embedded Sp1' title='Usbser Sys Windows Xp Embedded Sp1' />If you think any of the information I am providing here is wrong, please post a comment and let me know so we can figure it out.This document only covers Windows XP 3.Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8, Windows 8.Windows 1. 0. The most useful part of this document is the signature requirements section.This document was originally published in January 2.I had with certificates that use the SHA 2 hashing algorithm.Because of all these problems, I used to recommend sticking to SHA 1.Since then, Microsoft has announced that in the long term, they intend to distrust SHA 1 throughout Windows in all contexts.Therefore, SHA 1 will not be a long term solution, and most people should probably use SHA 2 instead.In July 2. 01. 5, I did a systematic set of experiments with different types of signatures.Using the data from those experiments, I have updated this document to better cover SHA 2 and the recent updates from Microsoft that allow it to be a viable option.Since then, I have been keeping an eye on new developments and updating this article.Pretty much every secure thing you do with a computer, including code and driver signing, uses the RSA cryptosystem invented by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman in the 1.I am not going to really explain the mathematics behind it, but I will give you an idea of what RSA lets us do.This will help you understand what a digital signature actually is and why it works.The first thing RSA gives us is a way to generate a key pair, which consists of a public key and a private key.As the names suggest, the private key must be kept secret, but you can give the public key to anyone.The second thing that RSA gives us is a pair of functions.The public key provides a function that we will call f.The private key provides a function that we will call g.Do not worry about what the exact inputs or outputs of these functions are.The important properties of these functions are.It is very very hard to determine g from the public key or f.Encrypting and decrypting a message can be done with the functions f and g respectively.Basically, any sender can encrypt a message by passing it through the f function from receivers public key.Then the receiver is the only one who can read the encrypted message, and he does so by applying g to it.Signing and verifying a message can be done with the functions g and f respectively.The sender passes his message or a cryptographic hash of it through the g function from his private key to make a signature for the message.The sender is the only one who can do this because he is the only one with access to g.Anyone who receives the message and signature can verify the signature by passing it through the f function from the public key and making sure that everything matches up.This is exactly what Windows is doing for you behind the scenes whenever it verifies a signature on a piece of software and tells you who the publisher is.At a deep level, the RSA cryptosystem works because it is very hard to factor large numbers into primes.The private key mainly consists of two very large primes, and the public key mainly consists of their product.Wikipedia has more details about how RSA works, of course.Another important concept to understand is the hash function, which is also called a digest algorithm or thumbprint algorithm.A hash function is a way to transform some sequence of bytes into a smaller sequence of bytes, usually with a fixed length, with the property that it is very hard to make two inputs to the hash function that give the same output.SHA 1 is a widely used hash function but it is considered to be deprecated because of theoretical and practical attacks against it.SHA 2 is a newer family of hash functions, consisting of SHA 2.SHA 2. 56, SHA 3.SHA 5. 12. Hash functions work well with signatures because it is more efficient to sign a hash of a file than to sign the entire contents of the file.Windows has a series of dialog boxes that allow you to view the details about a signature embedded in a file.It is important that you know your way around these dialogs because they will help you understand the nature of the signature you are applying to your software.If you right click on a signed file and go to Properties, you will see a Digital Signatures tab.In the Digital Signatures tab, you can click on Details to open the Digital Signature Details dialog box.The digital signature is created by the publisher of the software.You can click on View Certificate to view the certificate that is embedded in the files signature.The certificate is purchased from a certification authority such as Verisign.You can click on Certification Path to view most of the certificates in the chain of trust.The point of these certificates is to prove that your certificate was issued by some trustable company.You can double click on any certificate visible in the certification path to get information about it.Some of the certificates shown in the certification path come from the file whose signature your are inspecting.Other certificates might come from your computers certificate store, which you can see by running certmgr.In particular, Windows seems to use certificates from the Intermediate Certification Authorities list and the Trusted Root Certification Authorities list to build the certification path.Unfortunately, I do not know of a good way to look at a signed file and tell exactly what certificates are embedded in it.The names shown in the Certification Path are the Friendly Names of the certificates, which you can configure in certmgr.Sometimes, multiple certificates might have the same friendly name, which makes it confusing to see what is going on.To clear up the confusion, I like to double click on the certificates and look at the Subject Key Identifier and Authority Key Identifier.I think that the Subject Key Identifier represents an entity you might trust, and every certificate simply represents a transfer of trust from some authority to the subject.If the authority and subject identifiers are the same, that is called a self signed or root certificate.The same subject can be found in multiple different certificates.For example, the Global.
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